1. Understanding Applied Arts
Applied art is a work of art that not only in view of its beauty, but also can be in use in everyday life. Works of applied art is a work of art designed for functional purpose, which is to meet the physical and psychological needs (psychiatric). The shape of objects or objects to use for human needs.
Definition of applied art is different from the notion of pure art. Differences in applied art with pure art is of its functions. Applied art can be used as a tool of daily needs while pure art is only used as decoration or decoration only.
'Fine art applied' consists of three words: art, fine and applied. Understanding the art is very difficult to explain and difficult to assess because each individual has a view of art each. While the notion of art is a branch of art that make up the artwork with the media could catch the eyes and felt with palpation or art that has the form. Understanding applied is 'used'. Thus, the notion of applied art is literally a piece of art that is tangible and is also used.
2. History of Applied Arts
Applied art, especially in Indonesia has grown since prehistoric times. Wherein when the ancestors of Indonesia began to use stone axes and bone hunting. Then the development of applied art growing rapidly along with the discovery of metal smelting techniques to create a variety of weapons and jewelry. They also have started to decorate their weapons in order to look more beautiful. In addition to weapons and jewelery, utensils were also made with metal smelting technique is nekara, moko, vessels, etc.
3. Meaning of Work Applied Arts
Works of applied art also called applied art works, ie works of art that have been applied, or applied to functional forms. Covering any functional forms that? All forms created with the aim to meet the needs of human life is called a functional form. His form may be jewelry, clothing, home furnishings, food supplies, equipment performance, or equipment worship.
4. Types of Applied Arts
Type of applied art are manifold, including the following:
- The art of building or architectural form of building-land, residences, offices, places of worship, and others.
The art of building or architectural - Art decor. Art is often used in decorating a room.
Art decor - Art illustration of images or photos used to explain a text / text, for example images on textbooks for the subjects of elementary students. The function of the image as explanatory of reading so that the content of reading easily understood by the reader. Illustrations can be found everywhere, such as textbooks, short stories and advertisements.
Art illustration - Craft art applied. Namely works of art craft that works for all practical purposes.
Craft art applied - Applied graphic art / visual communication design is a work of art that serves as a medium of communication.
Applied graphic art
5. Work division of Applied Arts
Make it easier to understand and know about applied art, applied art then divided into several categories such as categories according to function, its form as well as the types of forms.
5.1. Based on the division of applied arts Function
Works of applied art has two functions as follows.
- Meeting the needs of practical (utility), which works primarily as a function of disposable items, in addition to also have ornamental value. For example, household furniture, such as tables and chairs, cabinets, and textiles.
- Meeting the needs of the aesthetic (beauty), which functions solely as a decorative object. For example, batik or weaving works created specifically for wall decoration and crafts minute objects to decorate the room, such as masks, statues and vases.
Based on the physical form, works of applied art can be classified into two types as follows.
- Works of applied art two-dimensional (two-dimensional) works of applied art two-dimensional, ie works of art that have length and width and can only be seen from one direction. For example, shadow puppets, weaving, and batik.
- Works of applied art of three-dimensional (three-dimensional) works of applied art three-dimensional, works of art that can be seen from all directions and has a volume (space). For example, traditional houses, traditional weapons such as dagger and a sword, as well as sculpture.
Works of applied art that are in Indonesia is very diverse with various types, form, function, and manufacturing techniques. Forms of works of applied art that here we divide them into four categories:
- Traditional house
Dayak traditional house - Traditional weapon
Dayak traditional weapons - Traditional transportation
Delman - Art Craft
Art Craft
Below are some examples of works of applied art Indonesia regions:
Borobudur temple is one of the works of applied art in Central Java were outstanding, there are many other architectural works of art in Indonesia such as custom homes and in places of worship.
Architectural works of art in Indonesia is so diverse and many kinds, ranging from the past to the modern, maybe we can distinguish the architecture of the past, modern, and traditional.
6.2. Poster
Poster or placard is a work of art or a graphic design which includes the composition of pictures and letters on the large sheet of paper. Its application with taped to a wall or other flat surface with the eye looking nature as strong as possible. Because it is usually made with poster colors and strong contrast. Posters could be a means of advertising, education, propaganda, and decorations. Besides it can also be a copy famous works of art.
Ceramics was originally derived from the Greek Keramikos which means a form of clay which has undergone a process of combustion. Dictionary and encyclopedia 1950 defines ceramic as a work of art and technology to produce goods from burnt clay, such as pottery, tile, porcelain, and so on. But this time not all the tiles come from clay. Definition sense includes all the latest ceramic instead of metal and inorganic materials in the solid form. (Joseph, 1998: 2).
6.4. Clothes / Apparel
Clothing traditional Javanese clothing kejawen commonly referred to as having a symbol or a metaphor, especially for the Javanese who commonly wear. Clothing kejawen piwulang sinandhi full, rich in implied teachings associated with the philosophy of Java.
The teaching in this fashion is the teaching kejawen to do everything in this world in harmony, relating to daily activities, both in relation to other people, with oneself, and with God the Almighty.
While the customary fashion Bali using parchment, kebaya, udeng, gloves, etc. Bali traditional clothing used when there is a traditional ceremony, there is a process of worship, Purnama, Tilem, and in some official events in Bali.
Characteristic of custom clothing archipelago is using batik. Batik is one way of making fabrics by dyeing using night. Batik is also a UNESCO heritage.
7. Regions Craftsmen Applied Arts in Indonesia
In essence the art is divided into two, namely pure art and applied art. Works of pure art is a work of art that was created to meet the artists inner satisfaction and has no practical purpose. Works of applied art is a work of art created to meet the needs of everyday people. But ethnic and cultural diversity spawned many diverse carak works in the form of pure art or the art of life. As for the areas in the archipelago which produces works of applied art, among others:
- Batik artisans of the region, Solo, Yogyakarta, Pekalongan, Madura.
- Ceramic artisans of the region Kasongan, Yogyakarta.
- Wicker craftsmen of the region almost throughout the country.
- Ikat artisans of the region, Sumba, Sumbawa, Flores, Jepara
- Wood carving artisans of the region, Jepara, Bali, Asmat (Papua)
- Silver artisans of the region kotagede.
- Brass artisans of the region Juwana, Central Java.
- Stone carving artisans of the region muntilan, and Bali.
- Leather artisans of the region Cibaduyut, Tanggulangin, Surabaya.
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