WAYANG one of the top art and culture of Indonesia's most prominent among many other cultural works. Culture puppets include acting, singing, music, speech arts, literary arts, painting, sculpture, and art is also a symbol. Puppet culture, which continues to grow over time, also the lighting media, propaganda, education, entertainment, philosophical understanding, as well as entertainment.
Adjustment of the philosophical concept also relates to the Java community a philosophical view of the position of the gods in the puppet. The gods in the puppet is no longer something that is free from wrong, but like other God's creatures, sometimes act wrong, and it could be a blunder. The presence of characters in the puppet Panakawan deliberately created the humanists Indonesia (exactly humanists Java) to be strengthened philosophical concept that in this world there is no creature that is really good, and really nasty. Every creature always holds an element of good and evil.
In his dissertation entitled Bijdrage tot de Kennis van het Javaansche Tooneel (1897), the Dutch cultural historian Dr. GA.J. Hazeau expressed confidence that the puppet is a native Java performance. Understanding puppet in a dissertation Dr. Hazeau it is walulang inukir (skin carved) and seen its shadow on the screen. Thus, the question of course is the puppet shadow play as we know it today.
Origin
Regarding the origin of this puppet, in the world there are two opinions. First, the idea that puppets originated and was first born in the island of Java, precisely in East Java. This opinion besides adopted and raised by researchers and experts in the Indonesian nation, is also the result of research Western scholars. Among Western scholars belonging to this group, is Hazeau, Brandes, Kats, Rentse, and Kruyt.
The reason they are strong enough. Among other things, that the art of wayang is still very closely related to socio-cultural and religious state of the Indonesian people, especially Javanese. Panakawan, the most important figures in the puppet, namely Semar, Gareng, Petruk, Bagong, exists only in the Indonesian wayang, and not in other countries. In addition, names and technical terms of puppetry, all derived from the Javanese language (Kuna), and not the other languages.
Meanwhile, a second opinion puppet suspect came from India, brought together by the Hindu religion to Indonesia. They include Pischel, Hidding, Krom, Poensen, Goslings, and Rassers. Most of this second group is the British scholar, the European country that once colonized India.
However, since the 1950s, books wayang puppets as if they had agreed that it is derived from Java, and not at all be imported from other countries.
Culture puppet thought to have been born in Indo nesia at least in the reign of King Airlangga, king Kahuripan (976 -1012), ie when the kingdom in East Java that was prosperous for its prosperous. The literary work is the subject of the puppet story has been written by poets Indonesia, since the century X. Among other things, literary manuscript Book of Kakawin speak Javanese Ramayana was written during the reign Balitung (989-910), which is the composition of the Book of the Ramayana essay poet in him, Valmiki. Furthermore, the poets of Java is no longer just translate the Ramayana and Mahabharata into Old Javanese, but compose them and recounted by incorporating the philosophy of Java thereto. For example, the work of Professor Kanwa Arjunawiwaha Kakawin, which is a composition that is orphaned on the Book of Mahabharata. Another composition that is more real difference derigan In her version of the original story, is Baratayuda Kakawin Sedah work of Professor and Professor Panuluh. Great work done during the reign of King Jayabaya, king of Kediri (1130-1160).
Puppet as a performance and spectacle had already started there since the reign of King Airlangga. Some inscriptions were made at that time, among others already mentioned the words "mawa that 'and` aringgit' by which he meant a puppet show.
Regarding the moment of birth puppet culture, Ir. Sri Mulyono in his symbolism and mysticism in the Puppet (1979), estimates that wayang existed from the neolithikum, ie approximately 1,500 years before Christ. His opinion was based on the writings of Robert von Heine-Geldern Ph. D, Prehis toric Research in the Netherland Indies (1945) and the writings Prof. K.A.H. Hidding in Encyclopedia Indone sia 987 pages.
The word `puppet 'probably derived from the word` Wewa shadow', which means shadow. This allegation in accordance with the reality on the Wayang Kulit performances that use color, a piece of cloth, as a barrier between the puppeteer who plays puppet, and the audience behind the screen. Audience just watched the movements of puppets through the shadow that fell on the screen. At that time wayang only accompanied by a set of simple gamelan consisting of saron, Todung (a type of flute), and kemanak. Other types of gamelan and singer at that time thought to not exist.
For more menjawakan puppet culture, since the early days of the Majapahit Kingdom introduced another puppet stories that are not orphaned in the book of Ramayana and Mahabharata. Since then the Panji stories; the story of ancestral kings of Majapahit, was introduced as one form of another puppet. Panji stories are then more widely used for Wayang Beber. Menjawakan tradition of wayang stories also passed by some Islamic scholars, among them by the Wali Sanga. They began mewayangkan story of the king of Majapahit, including Damarwulan story.
The entry of Islam into Indonesia since the 15th century also a big influence on the culture of puppets, especially the religious concept of philosophy puppet. At the beginning of the 15th century, the age of the kingdom of Demak, began to use specially shaped oil lamps called blencong the Wayang Kulit performances.
Since the days Kartasura, composing puppet stories on Ramayana and Mahabharata farther away from the original. Since the days that people know the genealogy enthusiasts puppet puppet characters, including prominent gods, which originated from the Prophet Adam. Pedigree it continues to come to the kings of Java. And further, becoming known also their puppet stories grip. which according to the standard story, and the story of wayang carangan beyond standard line. In addition there is another play called splinter, which was too far out of the story grip.
Indeed, because the strength of puppet art is rooted in the culture of Indonesia, so there was some confusion between the wayang stories, legends, and history. If the Indians think that the story of Mahabharata and Ramayana is really happening in the country, the Jawa regarded puppet story really happened in the island of Java.
And in the area of Kulon Progo own puppet is still very enthused by all people. Not only by parents, but also teenagers and even young children have also been unusual to see a puppet show. Besides, the puppet is also commonly used in certain events in the area this Kulonprogro, either in urban areas or in the remote areas Wates in Kulon Progo.
Wayang kulit is a traditional Indonesian art is mainly developed in Java. Wayang comes from the word Ma Hyang means heading to the sublime one,. Shadow puppets played by a puppeteer who is also the narrator's dialogue puppet characters, accompanied by gamelan music played by a group of nayaga and songs sung by the singer. Puppeteer shadow puppets behind the screen, the screen is made of white cloth, while behind him flashed electric lamps or oil lamps (blencong), so that the spectators who were on the other side of the screen can see the shadow puppet who fell into color. In order to understand the story of wayang (play), the audience must have knowledge of puppet characters that shadow appears on the screen.Generally puppets took the story from the Mahabharata and Ramayana manuscript, but is not limited only with the standard (standard), the mastermind ki can also play carangan (composition). Some of the stories are taken from the Panji stories.A puppet show has been recognized by UNESCO on November 7, 2003, as a work culture that is awesome in the field of narrative story and a wonderful heritage and valuable (Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity). Wayang kulit is more popular in the central and eastern Java, while the puppet show is more often played in West Java.
0 Response to "Origin Of Wayang Kulit"
Post a Comment