Art music is a branch of art that uses music as a means to reveal the expression of its maker. While music is an art that uses sound structured so that it contains rhythm, song, and harmony particularly sound generated from tools that can generate rhythm. Some people consider the intangible music at all. Music according to Aristotle have the ability to reconcile the troubled heart, has a recreational therapy, and foster patriotism.
1. Understanding Art Music
Understanding Art Music
Seni adalah kemampuan membuat sesuatu dalam hubungannya dengan upaya mencapai suatu tujuan yang telah ditentukan oleh gagasan tertentu. Sedangkan musik adalah suara yang disusun sedemikian rupa sehingga mengandung irama, lagu, dan keharmonisan. Jadi, bisa disimpulkan bahwa seni musik adalah sarana ekspresi seorang seniman yang menggunakan suara yang disusun sedemikian rupa baik dengan menggunakan alat musik maupun suara vokal.
1.1. etymology Music
The etymology of the word "music" comes from the English music. While the word "music" comes from the Greek mousike. The word is used to refer to all the arts, led by the Muses. However, most of the art led by the Muses in the form of music and poetry. Later in Rome, ars musica word used to mengistilahkan poetry that uses musical instruments.
2. History of Art Music
Music has been around since the time in which humans first present. The development of the art of music is very fast due to many new discoveries, especially in the field of culture. This makes the history of the art of music should be divided into several times to make it easier to know the development of musical art. The history of the art of music can be divided into six times. That prehistoric, medieval, Baroque and Rokoko era, the era of the classical, romantic period and modern times.
2.1. Prehistoric Age Music
Musik sudah dikenal sejak kehadiran manusia Homo sapiens yaitu sekitar 180.000 hingga 100.000 tahun yang lalu. Tidak ada yang mengetahui siapa manusia yang pertama kali mengenal seni musik. Alat musik yang tertua adalah flute yang dibuat dari tulang yang telah dilubangi. Biasanya berasal dari tulang paha beruang. Flute tersebut diduga dibuat pada 40.000 tahun yang lalu. Koleksi alat musik zaman purba paling banyak ditemukan di Cina yang berasal dari tahun 7000 sampai 6600 sebelum masehi. Prasasti yang berisi lagu Hurrian yang bertanggal 1400 SM merupakan notasi musik tertua yang pernah dicatat.
2.2. Medieval Music
In the Middle Ages (476-1572 AD) art of music is mostly used for the sake of Christianity. However, after a variety of new discoveries in all fields, music functions also developed not only for religious activities. In the age-old (1500-1600) turned up the music of romance and heroism. At this time the music of the Church suffered a setback. Piano and organ are also found at this age. Composer who live in this age is Leonine, Perotin, and Guillaume de Machaut.
2.3. Era music Baroque and Rokoko
In the days of the Baroque and Rokoko (1600-1750) ornamental use (decoration music) more and more angry. However, the use of Baroque music performed spontaneously while in use Rokoko music recorded and regulated. Figures famous musical art in this age is Johan Sebastian Bach. He is the creator of coral music for church sermon and creator of instrumental songs. Unfortunately at the end of his life blind and Sebastian Bach died in Leipzig.
2.4. Music of the Classical Era
After the days of the Baroque and Rokoko ended, the classical era (1750-1820) appears. At this time, the use of dynamics become more tender, with accelerando tempo change (faster) and ritarteando (softer), and ornamental use is restricted. Famous composer in the classical era was Johann Christian Bach, Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven.
2.5. Era Music Romantik
Music in the romantic period (1810-1900) was very concerned with the subjective feeling. The music began to be used to express feelings. Therefore, the use of dynamics and tempo is increasingly being used. Opera and ballet developed in this era. The famous composer during this era was Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert. At the end of the romantic period, the orchestra berkembangan very dramatic and into urban culture. Growing diversity is also a variety of new musical theater as an operetta, musical comedy, and various other forms of musical theater.
2.6. Music Modern Age
In the 20th century, the invention of the radio is a new way to listen to music. The music of the modern age is more focused on rhythm, style, and voice. But the music at this age do not recognize the existence of laws and regulations. The discovery of a voice recorder and music editing tools to provide a new genre of classical music. Thus, people are more free to express its expression through music.
3. Performing Arts Music
Performing arts of music is physically disclosure of expression in music. Typically, each musical arts performances will be prepared with a structured and planned. However, often times each show begins, plans can change. Because a show can diimprovisasikan. Musicians will sometimes add improvisation to make the show unique and interesting.
3.1. Culture Performing Arts Music
Many cultures contain strong tradition as well as solo performances, as in Indian classical music and western art music tradition. In other cultures, such as in Bali, there is a strong tradition of group performances. Performances can be solo players who use improvisation for personal enjoyment to highly planned and organized as in modern classical music, religious ceremonies, music festivals or music competitions.
3.2. Forms Performing Arts Music
Performing arts of music have some form or the way they are presented. There is a presented by musician, with several musicians, the orchestra attended by many people, and presenting with electric music. All performances of musical art done very formal. Spectators are expected to be calm and not noisy. However, a lot of electric music presentation is done informally. As in concerts in public spaces where the audience is free to scream, dance, or sing.
3.3. Preparation Performing Arts Music
A performing arts, especially music that will be exhibited by the crowd, must be implemented properly and perfectly. There are several series of activities organized to prepare a musical arts performances. The thing to note is that technical ability, the ability to communicate with the audience (verbally or with music), how to behave while performing, overcoming nervousness when performing, etc. This certainly requires practice diligently.
4. Education Music Arts
Music arts education aims to provide an opportunity for students to express, appreciate, create, establish harmony, and creating beauty. As such, they can equip themselves with the knowledge, skills and behavior that they can use to help solve the problems of everyday life. Education musical arts can also develop his personality.
4.1. Education Music Arts and Attitude of Tolerance
Music arts education is expected to facilitate and accommodate the diversity of each individual learners as well as the cultural diversity of each region, as well as the national culture in order to address globalization. Educators can form a group in the performance of the folk songs, so it will help learners to interact, communicate and cultivate an attitude of tolerance among them. This strategy can provide the experience and awareness, as well as concern for learners of diversity of culture, and ultimately will reduce prejudice against ethnic fellow learners or other ethnic groups. So with the reduction of prejudice it fosters openness and establishment of cooperation, as well as a positive cultural climate.
4.2. Education Music Arts to Develop Creativity
Education musical arts can stimulate learners to creativity. That creative in creating a variety of musical instruments or vocals owned. Activities are thus not only form of creativity in the arts of music, but can develop creative mindset that is very useful to live in the future.
5. Miscellaneous The Arts Music
Many ways that can be used by musicians to express its expression through music. Moreover, with the freedom of the art of music and the development of technology in modern times. This creates a flow / genre in music. Each genre is divided into several sub-genres. Categorizing music like this, although sometimes a subjective thing, but it is one of the knowledge learned and confirmed by experts of world music. Music genres that are popular today are:
3. K pop
4. pop
5. dangdut
6. electronic
7. Easy listening
8. Hip hop
9. Jazz
10. R & B
11. Rock
12. reggae
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