Batik is a craft that has high artistic value and has become part of the culture of Indonesia (especially Java) since long. Javanese women in the past made their skills in batik as livelihood, so in the past, batik work is exclusively women's work until the invention of "Batik Cap" which allows the entry of men into this field. There are some exceptions to this phenomenon, namely the coastal batik masculine lines as you can see in shades of "Mega Clouds", which in some coastal areas batik work is common for men.
Variety style and color Batik influenced by various foreign influences. Initially, batik has a variety of patterns and colors are limited, and some shades should only be used by certain circles. However, coastal batik absorb various external influences, such as foreign traders and also in the end, the invaders. Bright colors like red popularized by the Chinese, who also popularized the style phoenix. Nation European colonists also took an interest in batik, and the result is a pattern of flowers previously unknown (such as tulips) and also objects brought by the invaders (the building or carriage), as well as favorite colors they like the color blue. Retain traditional batik design, and is still used in traditional ceremonies, because usually each style has a representation of each.
Batik technique has been known for thousands of years ago. No historical information is quite clear about the origins of batik. Some suspect this technique comes from the Sumerian, later developed in Java after brought by Indian traders. Currently batik can be found in many countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka and Iran. Besides Asia, batik is also very popular in some countries on the African continent. However, batik is very famous in the world is a batik from Indonesia, especially from Java.
Batik tradition was originally a hereditary tradition, so occasionally a recognizable motif batik originated from a particular family. Some batik may indicate the status of a person. Even today, some tadisional batik motif is only used by the family palace of Yogyakarta and Surakarta.
Although batik is synonymous with traditional Javanese clothes, but now batik has become the national dress for the Indonesian people, even many well known in foreign countries. its use is no longer a traditional dress, but has followed the development of fashion for both women and men, even used as interior design and home furnishings.
Kinds of batik can be distinguished:
1. Classical Batik
Classical batik has the value and taste of high art, with intricate workmanship and within weeks. Classical batik has certain basic patterns with varying motives, such as kawung, machetes, nitik, tuntum, sunny side up, patched, and so forth. The basic ingredients of batik in the form of fine quality white cotton cloth, also a white silk cloth, batik silk material will produce more vibrant colors.
Classical Batik Making Process
Almost everyone has seen a batik. In fact many of them were never seen ways of making batik. They thought that they saw on the way in Java during a visit to a workplace where women draw batik designs on white fabric with a canting. This section, which is actually an application of the evening is just one of the various processing steps should be taken to make a product called batik.
1.1. Preparation
White cotton fabric with a width of approximately 110 cm and 240 cm long worked previously to be used for further processing. Cultivation of this consists of washing, starching, drying and rapped on it, a process that takes days.
1.2. Design
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| Canting |
If the fabric is ready for the next process, the motifs drawn by following a pattern that has been available on paper or directly draw on the fabric for batik craftsmen who have expert. Once the design is made so each one is color-coded. But it could also draw a design around the first so-field field can be covered. How to draw performed with liquid coming out of canting night in the form of fine showers, while the canting size also varies.
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| Canting,Pan,Candle(Malam),Stove |
Canting teapot shaped like the head of a small brass-stemmed pipe tobacco and wood. The smaller the canting more subtle flow evening out. Previous night melted by heating the first, the most important thing is to maintain the temperature for the right. Then, on the surface of the fabric on the contrary, do the same design and craftsmanship that there is no difference on both sides of batik cloth.
1.3. coloration
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| Dyeing process with the color of mahogany bark extract, without gloves |
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| Dyeing process with the color of the fruit skin extracts jalawe, without gloves |
Furthermore cloth can be dipped in blue dye. Staining / dyeing is repeated many times until the result is achieved. In the high-grade products coloration to 30 times is a must. Traditional dye is indigo, perks this color is the new color arises after the fabric by coloring is dried and exposed to air. If the fabric is still damp then the parts of the design that will be colored brown, scraped night. After that parts are colored blue and blue should remain well covered with wax. Then the cloth is dipped in brown dye.
Traditional coloring material for chocolate is Soga, a certain kind of tree bark. Cultivation of good color take 15 days, with three kinds of coloring per day. The parts are first dyed blue and then dyed brown to black in color. Thus there are three colors of the two dyes, blue, brown and black. And besides that some sections remain white.
1.4. disappearance Night
After repeated staining done so in compliance. Subsequently, the whole night can be released, this is done by clicking godog up liquid, and the liquid will float on the surface of the night. Once the fabric is washed again.
The execution of batik on silk fabric used tehknik different, because it requires night and dyes of different order not to damage the silk fabric.
The results of the batik making process mentioned above is called batik. Another type of batik, where the depiction of the process with canting on batik replaced by using a cap (as shown below) to apply a night on the fabric.
Known classical batik with various size and naming namely batik long cloth with a width of 110 cm X 240 cm long, batik sarong (about 105cmX200cm), scarves (45 ~ 60cmX200 ~ 300cm), iket head (90cmX90cm) and the tank (60cmX200cm).
In day-to-day batik commonly found in various forms such as a wide range of formal wear in men and women, and various materials for interior decoration of home, office or hotel, also variations of such household, tablecloths, napkins, place mats, bags, gloves pads, bedcovers, bed sheets, and more.
2. Modern Batik
In contrast to classical batik, the modern batik motif or coloration does not depend on the patterns and specific staining as in classical batik, but the design can be anything and colors of various kinds. Modern Batik also uses materials and coloring process that follows the development of the dye ingredients. Sometimes in some areas of design, canting is not used yet by brush and for dyeing sometimes applied directly by using cotton or cloth. In other words, the process of making batik batik almost like a modern yet classic designs and coloring up to the artistic taste maker and is dependent dye materials. Even with the development of basic materials and fabrics colored fabrics, modern batik become increasingly varied, such as batik in Jogja striped cotton, poplin fabric, material pajamas, wool, etc.
Modern Batik Making Process
Work on modern batik has the same principle as in the process of making batik batik modern classic for the development of a variety of classical batik.
2.1. Preparation
Cotton cloth batik will first be washed to be free of materials that are still contained by the fabric when weaving process / manufacture of fabrics, is intended to make the coloring process will not be influenced by these materials. Furthermore, the fabric prepared dried.
2.2. design
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| use a pencil |
The design is done directly on the fabric using a pencil or whatever if it will be washed at the end of processing batik then the graffiti can be lost, or the design can also use patterns that have been prepared beforehand. Once the design is ready then do initial batik using canting or brush on the design graffiti. On the batik process to consider which part will be given a different color, follow the design and results of the desired color.
2.3. coloration
The coloring process varies depending on dyes and coloring techniques you want to use. Basically the first phase coloration colors used are lighter colors first, is due to the process of batik coloring will be done repetitively depending on the number of colors desired. Coloring materials include Naphtol, Indigosol, Basis, Procion, etc.
In this process is still done in the colors of batik to be achieved by the end of the process. After the dyeing process is completed then the removal process is carried out night batik / dilorod by entering the cloth in hot water, after missing the entire night batik cloth fabric subsequently washed clean.
A few articles about classic and modern batik
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